THE   UNIVERSITY 

OF   ILLINOIS 

LIBRARY 


AGRICULTURAL 
LJBRARV 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 

Agricultural  Experiment  Station 


BULLETIN  No.  201 


YIELDS  OF  WINTER  GRAINS  IN  ILLINOIS 


BY  W.  L.  BUELISON  AND  O.  M.  ALLYN 


URBANA,  ILLINOIS,  JUNE,  1917 


SUMMARY  OF  BULLETIN  No.  201 

NORTHERN  ILLINOIS. — Continued  tests  have  shown  that  Turkey  Bed  is  the  high- 
est-yielding variety  of  wheat  for  northern  Illinois.  The  other  high-yielding 
varieties  which  have  been  grown  for  a  minimum  of  three  years  are  Turkey  9-233, 
Malakoff  5-458,  Minnesota  Reliable,  Kharkof,  Wheedling  5-464,  and  Malakoff. 

Pages  97-99 

Winter  rye  has  yielded  more  than  winter  wheat  in  northern  Illinois.  Winter 
barley  has  not  withstood  winter-killing.  Pages  99,  101 

CENTRAL  ILLINOIS. — Thirteen  varieties  of  wheat  have  been  grown  for  five  or 
more  years  at  Urbana.  The  leading  varieties  are  Turkey  Bed,  Malakoff,  Fultz, 
Hungarian,  Pesterboden,  Beloglina,  Kharkof,  and  Dawson's  Golden  Chaff. 
Other  promising  varieties  are  Turkey  Hybrid  509  and  Dawson's  Golden  Chaff 
9-225.  Pages  101-104 

SOUTHERN  ILLINOIS. — Of  the  varieties  of  wheat  which  have  been  tested  for  a 
minimum  of  three  years,  Fulcaster  has  been  the  highest-yielding  variety.  Varie- 
ties yielding  next  in  order  and  which  have  been  tested  for  a  minimum  of  three 
years  are  Economy,  Wheedling,  Indiana  Swamp,  Harvest  King,  Missouri  Pride, 
Eudy,  and  Poole.  Fulcaster  was  outyielded  several  years  by  Economy,  Wheed- 
ling, Missouri  Pride,  and  Harvest  King.  The  hard  wheats  are  not  adapted  to 
conditions  in  southern  Illinois.  Pages  104-108 

One-year  tests  with  rye,  barley,  and  emmer  as  winter  crops  show  promising 
results,  but  winter  oats  failed.  Pages  106-108 

CHARACTERISTICS  OF  VARIETIES  OF  WINTER  WHEAT.  Pages  109-110 


YIELDS  OF  WINTER  GRAINS  IN  ILLINOIS 

BY  W.  L.  BURLISON",  ASSOCIATE  CHIEF  IN  CROP  PRODUCTION,  AND 
O.  M.  ALLYN,  FIRST  ASSISTANT  IN  CROP  PRODUCTION 

Winter  wheat  ranks  third  among  the  most  important  grain  crops 
grown  in  Illinois.  There  are  numerous  varieties  of  wheat  raised  in 
the  state,  some  of  which  are  unsatisfactory,  while  others  are  superior 
strains. 

Changing  seed  wheat  is  not  advisable  unless  the  performance 
records  of  the  new  varieties  are  thoroly  demonstrated  in  tne  region 
in  which  they  are  to  be  used.  During  late  years  many  varieties  of 
wheat  of  unknown  value  have  been  widely  advertised.  Notable 
among  these  are  Alaska,  Marvelous,  and  Miracle.  Yields  obtained 
by  this  station  and  reports  by  other  investigators  prove  that  mis- 
statements  have  been  printed  in  advertisements  regarding  these 
wheats. 

Illinois  possesses  marked  climatic  and  soil  differences,  and  varieties 
of  wheat  suited  to  one  locality  are  not  necessarily  the  most  desirable 
for  another  part  of  the  state.  The  Illinois  Experiment  Station  has 
conducted  experiments  with  winter  grains,  not  only  at  Urbana  in 
the  central  part  of  the  state,  but  also  on  crop  experiment  fields  at 
DeKalb,  in  northern  Illinois,  and  at  Fairfield,  in  southern  Illinois. 

The  soil  on  which  the  experiments  at  DeKalb  and  Urbana  have 
been  conducted  is,  for  the  most  part,  brown  silt  loam ;  at  Fairfield, 
gray  silt  loam  on  tight  clay.  These  are  the  common  prairie  soils  in 
these  regions.  The  experiment  fields  have  been  regularly  supplied 
with  phosphate  rock  and  either  farm  manure  or  crop  residues.  Lime- 
stone has  also  been  applied  at  Fairfield  and  to  some  extent  at  Urbana. 
The  aim  has  been  to  keep  the  land  in  a  good  state  of  fertility  but 
not  to  produce  abnormal  conditions.  It  is  believed  that  these  fields 
are  such  as  any  progressive  Illinois  farmer  would  maintain.  Methods 
of  culture  which  have  been  followed  are  comparable  to  those  practiced 
by  leading  grain  growers  of  this  state.  Thus  the  yields  reported  are 
no  larger  than  may  well  be  expected  from  the  respective  sections  of 
Illinois.  The  wheat  yields  are  calculated  on  the  basis  of  60  pounds 
per  bushel ;  rye,  56 ;  barley,  48 ;  and  emmer,  30. 

NORTHEEN  ILLINOIS 
TESTS  AT  DEKALB,  IN  DEKALB  COUNTY 

Wheat. — Variety  tests  of  wheat  at  the  DeKalb  experiment  field 
were  begun  in  1907,  and  have  been  conducted  in  a  rotation  of  corn, 
oats,  wheat,  and  clover. 

97 


98 


BULLETIN  No.  201 


[June, 


Since  the  varieties  have  not  all  been  grown  for  the  same  number 
of  years,  the  highest  average  yield  of  a  variety  does  not  always  in- 
dicate the  best  variety,  and  in  order  to  establish  more  definitely  the 
relation  of  the  different  varieties  with  respect  to  yield,  all  are  com- 
pared on  the  same  basis,  with  Dawson's  Golden  Chaff  as  a  standard. 
This  at  once  gives  a  definite  rating  of  the  different  varieties  when 
compared  with  a  standard  variety. 

A  summary  of  the  varieties  tested  at  DeKalb  from  1907  to  1916 
appears  in  Tables  1  and  2.  In  1909  and  1912  the  winter  wheat  was  a 
failure  as  a  result  of  winter-killing. 

TABLE  1. — AVERAGE  YIELDS  OP  VARIETIES  OP  WINTER  WHEAT  GROWN  AT  DEKALB, 

AND  PERCENTAGE  BATING  USING  DAWSON  's  GOLDEN  CHAFP  AS  A  STANDARD 

(Bushels  per  acre) 


Variety 

1907 

1908 

1910 

1911 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

Per- 
cent- 
age 
rating 

Dawson  's  Golden  Chaff  

17.6 

40.8 

27.0 

29.1 

34.7 

35.5 

38.3 

23.7 

100.0 

Turkey  Bed  

24.3 

374 

33  9 

36.7 

39.2 

41.6 

34.9 

120.4 

Indiana  Swamp  
Wheedling  
Kharkof  

20.3 
17.8 
S95 

39.3 
38.1 

27.7 
25.4 

26.0 
25.6 

33.2 
30.1 
32.6 

29.7 
31.3 
34.0 

33.5 

33.2 

95.4 
91.1 
108.7 

Minnesota  Reliable  

357 

314 

33.6 

39.6 

40.1 

1096 

Malakoff  

22.1 

37.8 

34.2 

101.1 

Turkey  9-233  

35.8 

40.8 

34.9 

114.4 

Malakoff  5-458  

34.3 

41.5 

34.4 

113.0 

Wheedling  5-464  

38.0 

35.9 

31.6 

108.2 

Padi  

18.6 

262 

76.7 

Native  Wheat....  
Bed  Hussar  

27.6 

29.5 

34.2 

32.5 

... 

... 

84.2 
950 

Hungarian  
World  's  Champion  

... 

... 

... 

... 

34.3 

30.1 

39.8 

34.7 

91.7 
120.2 

Bed  Cross  

38.8 

34.7 

118.5 

Wisconsin  18  

38.0 

25.2 

101.9 

Gypsy  .  . 

27.9 

24.7 

848 

Mediterranean  

25.0 

25  2 

81  0 

Miracle  

27.9 

9.2 

59.8 

K.  B.  2  

21.8 

Turkey  Bed  (native)  

30.1 

Pesterboden  

31  1 

Beloglina  

29.4 

Fultz  

306 

Gold  Coin  

32.5 

Dawson's  Golden  Chaff  9-211.  . 

22.6 

Salzer  's  Hardy  Northern  

40.1 

Bed  Bussian  

38.6 

Canadian  Hybrid  

36.8 

Turkey  Hybrid  509  

36.2 

Early  Bed  Clawson  

29.9 

Budy  

26.5 

Prize  Taker  

23.3 

Marvelous.  . 

153 

1917] 


YIELDS  OF  WINTER  GRAINS  IN  ILLINOIS 


99 


On  an  equal  basis  of  comparison  with  respect  to  the  years  tested, 
Turkey  Red  has  never  been  out-yielded  at  DeKalb,  as  may  be  seen 
by  looking  over  Tables  1  and  2.  The  principal  high-yielding  varieties 
which  have  been  grown  for  a  minimum  of  three  years  are  Turkey 
Red,  Turkey  9-233,  Malakoff  5-458,  Minnesota  Reliable,  Kharkof, 
Wheedling  5-464,  and  Malakoff.  Of  the  varieties  tested  for  only  two 
years,  Red  Cross  and  World's  Champion  have  given  good  results. 
Salzer  's  Hardy  Northern,  Red  Russian,  Canadian  Hybrid,  and  Turkey 
Hybrid  509  have  all  yielded  well  for  one  year,  but  further  tests  may 
prove  that  they  are  not  so  valuable.  Considering  all  the  tests  up  to 
the  present  time,  Turkey  Red  and  Turkey  '9-233  may  be  regarded  as 
the  best-yielding  varieties  for  northern  Illinois. 

Rye  and  Barley. — Tests  with  winter  rye  and  winter  barley  were 
begun  in  1915.  The  barley  all  winter-killed,  but  the  rye  made  large 

TABLE  2. — COMPARABLE  AVERAGE  YIELDS  OF  VARIETIES  OF  WINTER  WHEAT  GROWN 

AT  DEKALB  USING  DAWSON 's  GOLDEN  CHAFF  AS  A  STANDARD 

(Bushels  per  acre) 


Variety 

Total 
No.  of 
tests 

No.  of 
years 
com- 
pared 

Years  on  which  comparison  is  based 

Aver- 
age 
yield 

Dawson  's  Golden  Chaff  . 
Turkey  Bed  

15 
29 

7 
7 

1907,  1910,  1911,  1913-1916 
»         »         »        »       » 

29.4 
35.4 

Dawson  's  Golden  Chaff  . 
Indiana  Swamp  

11 

14 

6 
6 

1907,  1908,  1910,  1911,  1913,  1914 
»         }  >         »        »        a         » 

30.8 
29.4 

Wheedling  

11 

6 

»         »         »        »        »         a 

28.1 

Dawson  's  Golden  Chaff  . 
Kharkof  

13 
13 

5 
5 

1907,  1913-1916 
»         »       )> 

30.0 
32.6 

Dawson  's  Golden  Chaff  . 
Minnesota  Reliable  

12 
12 

5 
5 

1910,  1911,  1913,  1915,  1916 
»         »         }  >        j  >        » 

32.9 
36.1 

Dawson  's  Golden  Chaff  . 
Malakoff  

5 

7 

3 
3 

1907,  1908,  1913 
})         t  >         » 

31.0 
31.4 

Dawson  's  Golden  Chaff  . 
Turkey  9-233  

8 
8 

3 
3 

1914-1916 
»       » 

32.5 
37.2 

Malakoff  5-458  

8 

3 

»       )> 

36.7 

Wheedling  5-464  

8 

3 

»       » 

35.2 

Dawson  's  Golden  Chaff  . 
Padi  

3 
3 

2 
2 

1907,  1908 
»         u 

29.2 
22.4 

Dawson  's  Golden  Chaff  . 
Native  Wheat  

4 
4 

2 
2 

1908,  1910 
t>         » 

33.9 

28.6 

Dawson  's  Golden  Chaff  . 
Red  Hussar  

4 
4 

2 

2 

1913,  1914 

»         } 

35.1 
33  3 

Hungarian  

4 

2 

»         ) 

322 

Dawson  's  Golden  Chaff  . 
World  's  Champion  

6 
6 

2 

2 

1915,  1916 

>           j 

31.0 
373 

Red  Cross  

6 

2 

>           ) 

368 

Wisconsin  18  

6 

2 

)           > 

316 

Gypsy.  . 

6 

2 

>           ) 

263 

Mediterranean  

6 

2 

)           ) 

25.1 

Miracle.  . 

6 

2 

y           > 

18.6 

100 


BULLETIN  No.  201 


[June, 


FIG.  1. — TYPICAL  HEADS  OF  TURKEY  RED 

This  type  of  wheat  gave  the  highest  average  yield  among  the  varieties  tested  at 
Urbana  for  three  or  more  years 


1917} 


YIELDS  OP  WINTER  GRAINS  IN  ILLINOIS 


101 


yields.    The  average  yields  in  bushels  per  acre  of  four  tests  of  each 
variety  were  as  follows: 

Petkus  winter  rye  55.5 

Wisconsin  Pedigree  rye 47.0 

Michigan  winter  barley 0.0 

CENTRAL  ILLINOIS 

TESTS  AT  URBANA,  IN  CHAMPAIGN  COUNTY 

Wheat . — The  variety  trials  of  wheat  on  the  Urbana  field  were  begun 
in  1904.  The  results  reported  have  been  obtained  from  a  rotation  of 
wheat,  corn,  oats,  and  clover. 


FIG.  2. — DAWSON'S  GOLDEN  CHAFF 
A  desirable  smooth  wheat  for  central  Illinois 


102 


BULLETIN  No.  201 


[June, 


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Turkey  Hybrid  402 
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Minnesota  Reliable  

Wisconsin  18  
World  's  Champion  
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YIELDS  OF  WINTER  GRAINS  IN  ILLINOIS 


103 


TABLE  4. — COMPARABLE  AVERAGE  YIELDS  OP  VARIETIES  OP  WINTER  WHEAT  GROWN 

AT  TJRBANA  USING  TURKEY  RED  AS  A  STANDARD 

(Bushels  per  acre) 


Varieties 

Total 
num- 
ber 
of 

tests 

Num- 
ber 
of 
years 
com- 
pared 

Years  on  which  comparison 
is  based 

Aver- 
age 
yields 

Turkey  Bed  

63 

12 

1904-1911,  1913-1916 

42.4 

Hungarian  

27 

12 

it       a        n       a 

39.7 

Indiana  Swamp  

32 

12 

it       »        a       a 

37.9 

Turkey  Red  

55 

11 

1904-1909,  1911,  1913-1916 

42.5 

Dawson  's  Golden  Chaff  

28 

11 

a       »        it        it       a 

39.5 

Turkey  Red  

62 

11 

1905-1911,  1913-1916 

43.4 

Beloglina  

25 

11 

»       a        »       )> 

40.4 

K.  B.  2  
Red  Hussar  

26 
25 

11 
11 

11       11        it       t> 

38.1 
37.8 

Turkey  Red  

51 

10 

1904-1911,  1913,  1914 

41.7 

Wheedling  

14 

10 

»       »        »       » 

35.6 

Turkey  Red  

58 

10 

1906-1911,  1913-1916 

44.7 

Pesterboden  

24 

10 

it       11        it       it 

41.8 

Turkey  Red  
Malakoff  

47 
26 

9 
9 

1904-1907,  1911,  1913-1916 

42.4 
42.0 

Turkey  Red  
Rudy  

31 
15 

8 
8 

1904-1910,  1916 
»       a        a 

41.0 
31.5 

Turkey  Red  

26 

6 

1906-1911 

45.7 

Kharkof  (TJ.  S.  11603)  

8 

6 

it       a 

42.6 

Turkey  Red  

32 

5 

1908-1911,  1913 

43.9 

Fultz  

8 

5 

11       11        }> 

42.1 

Turkey  Red  

32 

4 

1910,  1911,  1913,  1914 

43.4 

Gold  Coin  

8 

4 

it        it        })        it 

38.6 

Turkey  Red  

24 

3 

1914-1916 

44.0 

Red  Cross  

14 

3 

11       it 

42.9 

Turkey  Red  

6 

3 

1906-1908 

46.5 

Padi  

3 

3 

>t       it 

32.1 

Turkey  Red  

5 

2 

1904,  1905 

31.1 

Satisfaction  

2 

2 

it        it 

19.0 

Jones  Longberrv  

2 

2 

tt        tt 

18.5 

Turkey  Red  

12 

2 

1909,  1910 

41.8 

Economy  

3 

2 

it        tt 

39.5 

Turkey  Red  

16 

2 

1915,  1916 

463 

Turkey  Hybrid  509  

12 

2 

tt        tt 

53  2 

Dawson  's  Golden  Chaff  9-225  .  . 
Turkey  Hybrid  402  

12 
12 

2 

2 

11        it 
»        it 

47.9 
428 

Turkey  Red  

1 

1 

1904 

32.2 

European  

1 

1 

it 

119 

Poole  

1 

1 

a 

7.8 

Turkey  Red  

g 

1 

1916 

43.0 

Minnesota  Reliable  

g 

1 

it 

44  0 

Wisconsin  18  

8 

1 

tt 

43  8 

World  's  Champion  

8 

1 

ti 

386 

Red  Wave  

8 

1 

it 

382 

Gypsy  .  . 

8 

1 

it 

345 

Mediterranean  

8 

1 

it 

28  8 

Marvelous  , 

8 

1 

It 

22  8 

Miracle.  . 

8 

1 

tt 

15.0 

104  BULLETIN  No.  201  [Jitne, 

The  complete  data  are  shown  in  Table  3,  and  a  summary  is  given 
in  Table  4.  There  are  no  data  for  1912,  as  the  wheat  was  winter-killed 
that  year.  All  varieties  are  compared  with  Turkey  Red,  which  has 
been  in  the  trials  from  the  beginning  of  these  studies.  This  method  of 
tabulation  renders  it  possible  to  make  a  direct  comparison  of  any  given 
group  of  tests. 

Turkey  Bed,  Malakoff,  Fultz,  Hungarian,  Pesterboden,  Beloglina, 
Kharkof,  and  Dawson's  Golden  Chaff  are  the  leading  varieties  of 
wheat  for  central  Illinois.  These  varieties  have  been  in  the  trials 
for  five  or  more  years.  There  are  other  promising  strains  which 
have  been  under  investigation  for  a  shorter  period.  Turkey  Hybrid 
509,  developed  by  the  division  of  plant  breeding  of  the  Illinois 
Experiment  Station  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  L.  H.  Smith,  is  no- 
table among  these.  Attention  is  called  to  Dawson's  Golden  Chaff 
9-225,  which  was  also  developed  by  Dr.  Smith.  Red  Cross  is  another 
promising  variety. 

SOUTHERN  ILLINOIS 

TESTS  AT  FAIRFIELD,  IN  WAYNE  COUNTY 

Wheat. — Tests  with  winter  wheat  were  begun  on  the  Fairfield 
experiment  field  in  southern  Illinois  in  1906. 

A  summary  of  the  results  of  the  tests  at  Fairfield  from  1906  to 
1916  appears  in  Tables  5  and  6.  There  are  no  data  for  1909,  when 
the  wheat  was  winter-killed.  The  low  yields  in  1906  are  attributed  to 
the  low  fertility  of  the  soil,  and  those  in  1915  to  a  severe  hail  storm 
which  occurred  on  June  20. 

On  a  percentage  basis,  using  Fulcaster  as  the  standard  for  com- 
parison, the  following  in  the  order  named,  have  given  the  highest  yields 
for  a  minimum  of  three  years:  Fulcaster,  Economy,  Wheedling, 
Indiana  Swamp,  Harvest  King,  Missouri  Pride,  Rudy,  and  Poole.  It 
should  be  noted,  however,  that  if  the  extremely  variable  results  of 
1916  be  discarded,  then  Economy,  Wheedling,  and  Missouri  Pride  all 
rank  above  Fulcaster,  while  Harvest  King  takes  nearly  equal  rank. 

It  will  be  observed  by  looking  over  Table  5  that  the  hard  wheats, 
such  as  Turkey  Red,  Kharkof,  and  some  other  varieties  which  yield 
the  best  in  central  and  northern  Illinois,  do  not  yield  as  well  as  the 
softer  varieties  in  southern  Illinois.  Not  only  are  they  lower  in  yield 
than  the  softer  varieties,  but  their  quality  is  very  inferior.  The 
kernels  are  nearly  always  shrivelled  or  chaffy,  and  the  poor  condition 
of  the  plants  themselves  makes  it  evident  that  the  hard  wheats  are 
not  adapted  to  southern  Illinois. 


1917] 


YIELDS  OF  WINTER  GRAINS  IN  ILLINOIS 


105 


FIG.  3. — HARVEST  KING 
A  leading  variety  for  southern  Illinois 


106 


BULLETIN  No.  201 


[June, 


TABLE  5. — AVERAGE"  YIELDS  OF  VARIETIES  OF  WINTER  WHEAT  GROWN  AT  FAIRFIELD, 

AND  PERCENTAGE  EATING  USING  FULCASTER  AS  A  STANDARD 

(Bushels  per  acre)  • 


Variety 

1906 

1907 

1908 

1910 

1911 

1912 

1913 

1914 

1915 

1916 

Per- 
cent- 
age 

rating 

Fulcaster  

3.0 

16.3 

16.2 

33.3 

15.7 

12.4 

17.0 

17.0 

6.3 

22.1 

100.0 

Wheedling  

6.9 

16.1 

12.1 

30.3 

21.6 

133 

20,7 

2.5 

0,0 

91.2 

Harvest  King  
Dawson's  Golden 
Chaff  
Indiana  Swamp  .  .  . 

3.5 

3.4 
2.2 

16.8 

13.2 
14.5 

13.8 
17.0 

33.9 

22.4 
25.8 

17.7 

11.0 
17.1 

13.0 

14.1 

14.8 

18.4 

16.5 
15.4 

16.0 

15.7 
14.4 

3.2 

6.2 

89.9 

86.6 
90.9 

35.1 

IX  tt 

13.6 

19.7 

19.6 

3.9 

8.0 

95.5 

Missouri  Pride  .... 

34.7 

fln.fi 

10.5 

22.1 

20.1 

2.8 

0.0 

89.3 

Eed  Hussar  
Fultz  
Eudy  

2.6 

11.4 
Ifi'fi 

11.5 

19.0 
11.3 

10.7 
16.5 

9.8 

17.5 

81.7 
86.2 
89.1 

Poole  

62 

160 

13  8 

870 

Malakoff  
Theiss  (U.S.  12004) 

2.2 
1.2 

8.5 
66 

13.0 
6.3 

... 

... 

... 

... 

... 

... 

66.9 
39  8 

Hungarian  
Kharkof  

... 

•  *  » 

15.7 
11.2 

12.4 
7.5 

10.4 
8.6 

::: 

... 

82.6 

58.7 

Jersey  Fultz  

18.6 

4.2 

9.5 

71.5 

K.  B   2  

4.6 

10.2 

76.3 

Turkey  Eed  

1.5 

11.0 

649 

11  5 

10  6 

755 

Beloglina  

84 

85 

57.8 

Nifireer.  . 

18.0 

5.5 

100.0 

5.4 

20.2 

90.1 

3.9 

11.2 

'53.5 

Mediterranean.  .  .  . 

5.9 

0.0 

21.1 

Miracle  

5.2 

0.0 

18.3 

Miller  's  Pride  

7.2 

Eed  Wave  

2.0 

Harvest  Queen 

19.7 

Early  Eed  Clawson  . 

12.5 

Marvelous  

11  8 

Turkey  Hybrid  509 

11.2 

Worley  's  Smooth  . 

0.0 

St.  Louis  Prize 
*  Winner  .  . 

1  3 

Wheat. — The  earliest  variety  tests  of  wheat  were  started  at  Cutler, 
in  Perry  County,  in  1902.  In  1907,  one  year  after  the  regular  crop 
field  was  started  at  Fairfield,  the  Cutler  trials  were  discontinued.  The 
first  report  of  the  Cutler  variety  trials  was  published  in  Bulletin  121 
of  this  station.  The  results  are  summarized  in  Tables  7  and  8. 

Rye,  Barley,  Emmer,  and  Oats. — In  the  fall  of  1915  tests  were  be- 
gun with  rye,  barley,  emmer,  and  oats,  all  as  winter  crops.  While 
these  tests  have  been  conducted  for  only  one  year,  the  results  are  of 
much  interest.  Winter  rye  withstood  winter-killing  better  than 


1917} 


YIELDS  OP  WINTER  GRAINS  IN  ILLINOIS 


107 


TABLE  6. — COMPARABLE  AVERAGE  YIELDS  OF  VARIETIES  OP  WINTER  WHEAT  GROWN 
AT  FAIRFIELD  USING  FULCASTER  AS  A  STANDARD    (Bushels  per  acre) 


Variety 

Total 
No.  of 
tests 

No.  of 
years 
com- 
pared 

Years  on  which 
comparison  is 
based 

Aver- 
age 
yield 

Fulcaster  

76 

10 

1906-1916,  except  1909 

15.9 

Wheedling  
Harvest  King  

40 
40 

10 
10 

»       >t         a          a 

14.5 
14.3 

Fulcaster  

52 

8 

1906-1914,  except  1909 

16.4 

Dawson's  Golden  Chaff  

28 

8 

it       a         a          a 

14.2 

Ful  caster  

44 

7 

1906-1914,  except  1908,  1909 

16.4 

Indiana  Swamp  

24 

7 

a       »         a        a         a 

14.9 

Fulcaster  

64 

7 

1910-1916 

17.7 

Economy  

32 

7 

a       tt 

16.9 

Missouri  Pride  

32 

7 

tt       » 

15.8 

Fulcaster  

28 

5 

1906,  1907,  1912,  1913,  1914 

13.1 

Eed  Hussar  

16 

5 

10.7 

Fulcaster  

24 

3 

1908,  1912   1913 

15  2 

Fultz  

12 

3 

it        tt        it 

13  1 

Fulcaster  

20 

3 

1906,  1907,  1916 

13  8 

Eudy  

12 

3 

it        it        it 

12.3 

Poole  

12 

3 

>t        it        it 

12.0 

Fulcaster  

12 

3 

1906,  1907,  1908 

11.8 

Malakoff  

8 

3 

it        it        a 

7.9 

Theiss  (U.  S.  12004)  

8 

3 

it        tt        tt 

4.7 

Fulcaster  

24 

3 

1912,  1913,  1914 

155 

Hungarian  

12 

3 

a        tt        a 

12  8 

Kharkof  

10 

3 

>t        a        tt 

9  1 

Fulcaster  

32 

3 

1914,  1915,  1916 

15  1 

Jersey  Fultz  

16 

3 

it        a        tt 

10  8 

Fulcaster  

4 

2 

1906,  1907 

97 

K.  B.  2  

4 

2 

a        tt 

74 

Turkey  Eed  

4 

2 

tt        )t 

63 

Fulcaster  

16 

2 

1912,  1913 

147 

Pesterboden  

8 

2 

a        a 

11  1 

Beloglina  

8 

2 

it        it 

8  5 

Fulcaster  

16 

2 

1914,  1915 

117 

Nieeer.  . 

8 

2 

n        tt 

118 

Fulcaster  

24 

2 

1915,  1916 

142 

Gypsy.  . 

12 

2 

a        it 

12  8 

Eed  Cross  

12 

2 

it        tt 

76 

Mediterranean  

12 

2 

a        a 

3  0 

Miracle.  . 

12 

2 

tt        ft 

2.6 

winter  wheat,  and  yielded  much  more  per  acre.  Winter  oats  did  not 
survive  the  winter  of  1915-1916.  No  indication  of  winter-killing  was 
observed  with  the  winter  barley. 

Winter  emmer  produced,  during  this  one-year  test,  52  bushels  per 
acre.  Since  emmer  is  valuable  as  a  feeding  crop,  it  would  seem  that 
there  may  be  a  place  for  it  in  southern  Illinois.  In  a  number  of  feed- 
ing tests  emmer  has  been  found  nearly,  if  not  quite,  equal  to  barley 
and  oats  for  sheep  and  cattle, 


108 


BULLETIN  No.  201 


[June, 


TABLE  7. — AVERAGE  YIELDS  OF  VARIETIES  OP  WINTER  WHEAT  GROWN  AT  CUTLER, 
AND  PERCENTAGE  EATING  USING  FULCASTER  AS  A  STANDARD    (Bushels  per  acre) 


Variety 

1902 

1903 

1904 

1905 

1906 

1907 

Per- 
centage 
rating 

Fulcaster  (home-grown)  

16.4 

9.0 

15.0 

12.8 

21.9 

23.7 

100.0 

Harvest  King  (home-grown)  

16.3 

14.8 

15.6 

11.5 

20.6 

17.7 

97.7 

Red  Fultz  (home-grown)  

15.3 

7.7 

15.3 

12.6 

21.9 

18.3 

92.2 

Eclipse  (home-grown)  

16.8 

5.4 

13.7 

10.7 

22.9 

20.2 

90.8 

Harvest  King  (Indiana)  

10.9 

10.5 

13.8 

11.6 

22.5 

18.5 

88.9 

Hybrid  Beechwood  

119 

9.0 

12.8 

11.0 

22.7 

18.3 

86.7 

European  

11  6 

6.4 

13.3 

11.0 

19.2 

20.4 

82.9 

Harvest  King  (Michigan)  
Poole  

Jones  Longberry  (home-grown)      .... 

14.3 
12.1 
16.0 

5.5 
5.2 
4.3 

12.7 
13.6 
10.3 

80.4 
76.5 
75.7 

Dawson's  Golden  Chaff  (Michigan)  .  .  . 
Fultz  (Tennessee)  
Fultzo-Mediterranean  
Indiana  Swamp  
Jones  Longberry   (Indiana)  

11.4 
10.2 
12.5 
11.0 
60 

6.3 
4.0 
1.7 
3.2 
3.5 

11.2 
11.8 
11.4 
11.3 

8.8 

... 

... 

... 

71.5 
64.3 
63.4 
63.1 
45.3 

Beardless  Eural  New  Yorker  

9  3 

18  2 

18  0 

779 

K  B   2  

8.7 

15  6 

16.8 

70.4 

Turkev  Eed.  . 

11  4 

QO 

13.8 

68.8 

TABLE  8. — COMPARABLE  AVERAGE  YIELDS  OP  VARIETIES  OP  WINTER  WHEAT  GROWN 
AT  CUTLER  USING  FULCASTER  AS  A  STANDARD      (Bushels  per  acre) 


Variety 

Number 
of  years 
compared 

Years  on  which 
comparison  is  based 

Average 
yield 

Fulcaster  (home-grown)  

6 

1902-1907 

16.5 

Harvest  King  (home-grown)  

6 

» 

16.1 

Eed  Fultz  (home  grown)  

6 

}  > 

15.2 

Eclipse  (home-grown)  

6 

» 

14.9 

Harvest  King  (Indiana)  

6 

» 

14.6 

Hybrid  Beechwood   

6 

» 

14.3 

European  

6 

y  t 

13.6 

Fulcaster  (home-grown)  

3 

1902-1J    4 

13.5 

Harvest  King  (Michigan)  

3 

» 

10.8 

Poole  

3 

» 

10.3 

Jones  Longberrv  (homf-grown")  

3 

)) 

10.2 

Dawson's  Golden  Chaff  (Michigan)  .  . 
Fultz  (Tennessee)  

3 
3 

it 
» 

9.6 

8.7 

Fultzo-Meditcrranean  

3 

» 

8.5 

Indiana  Swamp  

3 

y  > 

8.5 

Jones  Longberry  (Indiana)  

3 

» 

6.3 

Fulcaster  (home-grown)  

3 

1905-1907 

19.5 

Beardless  Eural  New  Yorker  

3 

!  J 

15  2 

K.  B.  2  

3 

}  } 

13.7 

Fulcaster  (home-grown)  

3 

1904-1906 

16.6 

Turkev  Eed  .  . 

3 

>  j      » 

11.4 

The  yields  of  these  winter  grains  in  1916  were  as  follows : 

Wisconsin  Pedigree  rye 43.4 

Wing's  Black  rye 46.8 

Salzer's  winter  barley 22.7 


Michigan  winter  barley 17.5 

Winter  emmer 52.01 

Winter  oats  .  .  .0.0 


on  30  pounds  to  the  bushel  (see  U.  S.  Farmers'  Bulletin  466,  page  12). 


1917] 


YIELDS  OP  WINTER  GRAINS  IN  ILLINOIS 


109 


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UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS-URBANA 


